Investigating Momentum Using NetLogo

Neil Schmidgall
Engineering, Physics
3-4 45 minute classes
General Physics
v1

Unit Overview

Investigating momentum using NetLogo models.

Standards

Next Generation Science Standards
  • Physical Science
    • [HS-PS2] Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions
  • NGSS Crosscutting Concept
    • Energy
    • Systems
  • NGSS Practice
    • Using Models
    • Conducting Investigations
Computational Thinking in STEM
  • Modeling and Simulation Practices
    • Using Computational Models to Understand a Concept

Credits

Unit designed by Neil Schmidgall a teacher at Glenbrook South.

Underlying Lessons

  • Lesson 1. Momentum: Perfectly Elastic Collisions
  • Lesson 2. Momentum: Perfectly Inelastic Collisions
  • Lesson 3. Momentum: Making Connections
  • Lesson 4. Momentum: Perfectly Inelastic Collisions
  • Lesson 5. Momentum: Perfectly Elastic Collisions
  • Lesson 6. Momentum in a Collision: Making Connections

Lesson 1. Momentum: Perfectly Elastic Collisions

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v3

Lesson 1 Overview

TO

Credits

Created by Neil Schmidgall

Lesson 1 Activities

  • 1.1. Part A
  • 1.2. Part B: Experimenting with the model

1.0. Student Directions and Resources


Investigating momentum using NetLogo models.

1.1. Part A


A NetLogo collision was done with 2 cars and the elasticity at 100%. The before and after pictures are shown below:

  1. Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system.


Question 1.1.1

Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. 

Initial Velocities:

red = 20(m/s)

brown = -20(m/s)



Question 1.1.2

What was the change in momentum for the red car? What was the change in momentum for the brown car?



Question 1.1.3

How did the impulse on the red car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 1.1.4

How did the impulse on the brown car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 1.1.5

How did the impulse on the red car compare to the impulse on the brown car?



Question 1.1.6

How did the ∆p of the red car compare to the ∆p of the brown car?



Question 1.1.7

What was the change in energy for the red car?



Question 1.1.8

What was the change in energy for the brown car?



Question 1.1.9

Let’s look at the system as the red and brown car combined. Fill in the appropriate numbers below.



Question 1.1.10

What was the change in momentum for the red & brown car system?



Question 1.1.11

What was the total impulse on the red & brown car system?



Question 1.1.12

What was the change in KE for the red & brown car system?



Question 1.1.13

The graphs recording momenta and energies for the situation you just completed are below.

Was this a very elastic collision (one that conserves KE, i.e., one where the KE stays constant)? What part of these graphs and/or data above allow you to determine that? Please explain fully.



Question 1.1.14

What system approach(one car, two-cars, or both) constitutes an isolated system (one that conserves p, i.e., one where the p stays the same)? What part of these graphs and/or data above allow you to determine that? Please explain fully.

1.2. Part B: Experimenting with the model


Change the masses and/or initial velocities for 2 different collisions. Leave elasticity at 100%. Choose your own values and enter them below.


Question 1.2.1

One-car system Trial 1



Question 1.2.2

Two-cars System Trial 1:



Question 1.2.3

One car system Trial 2



Question 1.2.4

Two-cars System Trial 2:



Question 1.2.5

Given these 3 elastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, or both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) does Impulse = ∆p?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars system
  none of these systems


Question 1.2.6

Given these 3 elastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, or both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is momentum conserved?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 1.2.7

Given these 3 elastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, or both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is KE conserved?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Lesson 2. Momentum: Perfectly Inelastic Collisions

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v1

Lesson 2 Overview

Teacher Overview

Credits

Created by Neil Schmidgall

Lesson 2 Activities

  • 2.1. None
  • 2.2. Part A
  • 2.3. Reading Momentum Graphs
  • 2.4. Part B:

2.0. Student Directions and Resources


Investigating momentum using NetLogo models.

2.1. None


Experiment with the sliders below in order to become familiar with the modeling environment. Car0 will always be on the left and Car1 will always be on the right. COE stands for Percent of Energy Conserved in the collision. All calculations will be done by the model. The ' symbol stands for values after the collision. For example, v1 is the velocity of Car1 before the collision and v1' is the velocity of Car1 after the collision.

 

2.2. Part A


A NetLogo collision was done with 2 cars and the elasticity at 0%. The before and after pictures are shown below:

 


Question 2.2.1

Set up the mass and velocity values as shown below. Run the experiment. Take data from the experiment in order to fill in the remaining cells to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. 

Initial Velocities:

red(Car0) = 20 (m/s)

brown(Car1) = 0 (m/s)



Question 2.2.2

What was the change in momentum for the red car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 2.2.3

How did the impulse on the red car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 2.2.4

What was the change in momentum for the brown car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 2.2.5

How did the impulse on the brown car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 2.2.6

How did the impulse on the red car compare to the impulse on the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 2.2.7

How did the ∆p of the red car compare to the ∆p of the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 2.2.8

What was the change in kinetic energy for the red car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 2.2.9

What was the change in energy for the brown car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 2.2.10

Let’s look at the collision again and this time, consider that the system to be analyzed consists of the red and brown car combined. Fill in the appropriate numbers below.



Question 2.2.11

What was the change in momentum for the red & brown car system?



Question 2.2.12

What was the total impulse on the red & brown car system?



Question 2.2.13

What was the change in KE for the red & brown car system? Was the total Kinetic Energy conserved in this collision?

2.3. Reading Momentum Graphs


The graphs recording momenta and energies for the situation you just completed are below.

 


Question 2.3.1

Was this a very inelastic collision(one that does not conserve KE, i.e., one where KE does not stay constant)? What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine this? Please explain fully.



Question 2.3.2

What system approach (Individual Car versus Both cars) constitutes an isolated system(one that conserves p, i.e., one where p does stay constant)?  What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine this? Please explain fully.

2.4. Part B:


Change the masses and/or initial velocities to create 2 different collisions (Trials) of your choosing. Keep the elasticity at 0%. Analyze these 2 trials by entering values below.


Question 2.4.1

Trial1; One-car system analysis:



Question 2.4.2

Trial1; Two-car system analysis:



Question 2.4.3

Trial2; One-car system analysis:



Question 2.4.4

Trial2; Two-cars System analysis:



Question 2.4.5

Given these 3 inelastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) does Impulse = ∆p?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 2.4.6

Given these 3 inelastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is momentum conserved? That is, p' - p = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 2.4.7

Given these 3 inelastic collisions, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is KE conserved? That is, KE' - KE = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Lesson 3. Momentum: Making Connections

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v2

Lesson 3 Overview

A NetLogo collision situation is set up in order to compare the effects of mass, speed, %elasticity, and time of collision on the impulse and acceleration of the cars.

Lesson 3 Activities

  • 3.1. Investigation

3.0. Student Directions and Resources


A NetLogo collision situation is set up in order to compare the effects of mass, speed, %elasticity, and time of collision on the impulse and acceleration of the cars.

3.1. Investigation


The slider control as well as the before and after situation of a perfectly inelastic collision involving equally massed cars is shown below comparing different initial speeds of Car0 versus Car1. This setting puts Car0 velocity at 30 and Car1 velocity at 40.


Question 3.1.1

Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. Set the time of collision as below:

Set the following masses and velocities for testing.



Question 3.1.2

How did an increase in speed affect the impulse on the cars during the collision?



Question 3.1.3

How did an increase in speed affect the g’s of acceleration the cars experienced during the collision?



Question 3.1.4

Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. Set the time of collision and %elasticity as below:

Set the following masses and velocities for testing.



Question 3.1.5

How did an increase in %elasticity affect the impulse on the cars during the collision?



Question 3.1.6

How did an increase in %elasticity affect the g’s of acceleration the cars experienced during the collision?



Question 3.1.7

Using what you found out from the collisions above create scenarios that maximize the impulse on any car. Alter mass, mass increment, speed, speed increment, %elasticity, %elasticity increment, and time of collision in order to do so:

Maximum Impulse on any car



Question 3.1.8

Using what you found out from the collisions above create scenarios that maximize the g’s of acceleration experienced by any car. Alter mass, mass increment, speed, speed increment, %elasticity, %elasticity increment, and time of collision in order to do so:

Maximum g’s of Acc of any car

Lesson 4. Momentum: Perfectly Inelastic Collisions

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v2

Lesson 4 Overview

In this lesson students will use a NetLogo model to analyze the 1-Dimensional collision of 2 cars that is completely inelastic, i.e., Kinetic Energy is not conserved. 

Students will determine the following:

1. How does impulse compare to the change in momentum for an individual car in a collision of 2 cars.

2. How does the momentum of an individual car compare before and after the collision of 2 cars.

3. How does the kinetic energy of an individual car compare before and after the collision of 2 cars.

4. How does the analysis change if both cars are combined into a 2-car system. Both cars will be used to produce a single result.

Students will determine in which case(s) {1-car system, 2-car system, both, or none} the momentum and kinetic energy are considered to be conserved, i.e., the same before and after the collision.

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-1 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

 

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Credits

Created by Neil Schmidgall

Lesson 4 Activities

  • 4.1. Get Familiar with the Model.
  • 4.2. Impulse, Momentum, and Kinetic Energy in a Collision between 2 cars.
  • 4.3. Reading Momentum and Kinetic Energy Graphs.
  • 4.4. Create 2 of your own scenarios to generalize results.

4.0. Student Directions and Resources


You will use a NetLogo model to analyze the 1-Dimensional collision of 2 cars that is completely inelastic, i.e., Kinetic Energy is not conserved. 

You will determine the following:

1. How the impulse compares to the  change in momentum for an individual car in a collision of 2 cars.

2. How the momentum of an individual car compares before and after the collision of 2 cars.

3. How the kinetic energy of an individual car compares before and after the collision of 2 cars.

4. How the analysis changes if both cars are combined into a 2-car system. Both cars will be used to produce a single result.

You will determine in which case(s) {1-car system, 2-car system, both, or none} the momentum and kinetic energy are considered to be conserved, i.e., the same before and after the collision.

4.1. Get Familiar with the Model.


Car0 will always be on the left and Car1 will always be on the right. COE stands for Percent of Energy Conserved in the collision. All calculations will be done by the model. The ' symbol stands for values after the collision. For example, v1 is the velocity of Car1 before the collision and v1' is the velocity of Car1 after the collision. Experiment with the sliders below in order to become familiar with the modeling environment. Click on setup and go to run the model.

4.2. Impulse, Momentum, and Kinetic Energy in a Collision between 2 cars.


A NetLogo collision was done with 2 cars and the elasticity at 0%. The before and after pictures are shown below:

 


Question 4.2.1

Set up the mass and velocity values as shown below. Run the experiment. Take data from the experiment in order to fill in the remaining cells to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. 

Initial Velocities:

red(Car0) = 20 (m/s)

brown(Car1) = 0 (m/s)



Question 4.2.2

What was the change in momentum for the red car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 4.2.3

How did the impulse on the red car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 4.2.4

What was the change in momentum for the brown car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 4.2.5

How did the impulse on the brown car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 4.2.6

How did the impulse on the red car compare to the impulse on the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 4.2.7

How did the ∆p of the red car compare to the ∆p of the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 4.2.8

What was the change in kinetic energy for the red car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 4.2.9

What was the change in energy for the brown car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 4.2.10

Let’s look at the collision again and this time, consider that the system to be analyzed consists of the red and brown car combined. Fill in the appropriate numbers below.



Question 4.2.11

What was the change in momentum for the red & brown car system?



Question 4.2.12

What was the total impulse on the red & brown car system?



Question 4.2.13

What was the change in KE for the red & brown car system? Was the total Kinetic Energy conserved in this collision?

4.3. Reading Momentum and Kinetic Energy Graphs.


The graphs recording momenta and energies for the situation you just completed are below.

 


Question 4.3.1

Was this a very inelastic collision(one that does not conserve KE, i.e., one where KE does not stay constant)? What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine this? Please explain fully.



Question 4.3.2

What system approach (Individual Car versus Both cars) constitutes an isolated system (one that conserves p, i.e., one where p' - p = 0)?  What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine this? Please explain fully.

4.4. Create 2 of your own scenarios to generalize results.


Change the masses and/or initial velocities to create 2 different collisions (Trials) of your choosing. Keep the elasticity at 0%. Analyze these 2 trials by entering values below.


Question 4.4.1

Trial 1; One-car system analysis:



Question 4.4.2

Trial 1; Two-car system analysis:



Question 4.4.3

Trial 2; One-car system analysis:



Question 4.4.4

Trial 2; Two-cars System analysis:



Question 4.4.5

Given the results for the inelastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) does Impulse = ∆p?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 4.4.6

Given the results for the inelastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is momentum conserved? That is, p' - p = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 4.4.7

Given the results for the inelastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is KE conserved? That is, KE' - KE = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Lesson 5. Momentum: Perfectly Elastic Collisions

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v4

Lesson 5 Overview

In this lesson students will use a NetLogo model to analyze the 1-Dimensional collision of 2 cars that is completely elastic, i.e., Kinetic Energy is conserved. 

Students will determine the following:

1. How does impulse compare to the change in momentum for an individual car in a collision of 2 cars.

2. How does the momentum of an individual car compare before and after the collision of 2 cars.

3. How does the kinetic energy of an individual car compare before and after the collision of 2 cars.

4. How does the analysis change if both cars are combined into a 2-car system. Both cars will be used to produce a single result.

Students will determine in which case(s) {1-car system, 2-car system, both, or none} the momentum and kinetic energy are considered to be conserved, i.e., the same before and after the collision.

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-1 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

 

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Credits

Created by Neil Schmidgall

Lesson 5 Activities

  • 5.1. Get Familiar with the Model.
  • 5.2. Impulse, Momentum, and Kinetic Energy in a Collision between 2 cars.
  • 5.3. Reading Momentum Graphs
  • 5.4. Create 2 of your own scenarios to generalize results.

5.0. Student Directions and Resources


You will use a NetLogo model to analyze the 1-Dimensional collision of 2 cars that is completely elastic, i.e., Kinetic Energy is conserved. 

You will determine the following:

1. How the impulse compares to the  change in momentum for an individual car in a collision of 2 cars.

2. How the momentum of an individual car compares before and after the collision of 2 cars.

3. How the kinetic energy of an individual car compares before and after the collision of 2 cars.

4. How the analysis changes if both cars are combined into a 2-car system. Both cars will be used to produce a single result.

You will determine in which case(s) {1-car system, 2-car system, both, or none} the momentum and kinetic energy are considered to be conserved, i.e., the same before and after the collision.

5.1. Get Familiar with the Model.


Car0 will always be on the left and Car1 will always be on the right. COE stands for Percent of Energy Conserved in the collision. All calculations will be done by the model. The ' symbol stands for values after the collision. For example, v1 is the velocity of Car1 before the collision and v1' is the velocity of Car1 after the collision. Experiment with the sliders below in order to become familiar with the modeling environment. Click on setup and go to run the model.

5.2. Impulse, Momentum, and Kinetic Energy in a Collision between 2 cars.


A NetLogo collision was done with 2 cars and the elasticity at 100%. The before and after pictures are shown below:


Question 5.2.1

Set up the mass and velocity values as shown below. Run the experiment. Take data from the experiment in order to fill in the remaining cells to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. 

Initial Velocities:

red(Car0) = 20 (m/s)

brown(Car1) = -20 (m/s)



Question 5.2.2

What was the change in momentum for the red car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 5.2.3

How did the impulse on the red car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 5.2.4

What was the change in momentum for the brown car? Change in momentum is p' - p. Include units on your answer.



Question 5.2.5

How did the impulse on the brown car compare to its change in momentum?



Question 5.2.6

How did the impulse on the red car compare to the impulse on the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 5.2.7

How did the ∆p of the red car compare to the ∆p of the brown car? Comment on magnitude and direction.



Question 5.2.8

What was the change in kinetic energy for the red car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 5.2.9

What was the change in energy for the brown car? Change in KE would be KE' - KE. Include units on your answer.



Question 5.2.10

Let’s look at the collision again and this time, consider that the system to be analyzed consists of the red and brown car combined. Fill in the appropriate numbers below.



Question 5.2.11

What was the change in momentum for the red & brown car system?



Question 5.2.12

What was the total impulse on the red & brown car system?



Question 5.2.13

What was the change in KE for the red & brown car system? Was the total Kinetic Energy conserved in this collision?

5.3. Reading Momentum Graphs


The graphs recording momenta and energies for the situation you just completed are below.

 


Question 5.3.1

Was this a very elastic collision (one that conserves KE, i.e., one where the KE stays constant)? What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine that? Please explain fully.



Question 5.3.2

What system approach (Individual Car versus Both cars) constitutes an isolated system(one that conserves p, i.e., one where p' - p = 0)?  What part of these graphs and data above allow you to determine this? Please explain fully.

5.4. Create 2 of your own scenarios to generalize results.


Change the masses and/or initial velocities to create 2 different collisions (Trials) of your choosing. Keep the elasticity at 100%. Analyze these 2 trials by entering values below.


Question 5.4.1

Trial1; One-car system analysis:



Question 5.4.2

Trial1; Two-car system analysis:



Question 5.4.3

Trial2; One-car system analysis:



Question 5.4.4

Trial2; Two-cars System analysis:



Question 5.4.5

Given the results for the elastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) does Impulse = ∆p?

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars system
  none of these systems


Question 5.4.6

Given the results for the elastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is momentum conserved? That is, p' - p = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Question 5.4.7

Given the results for the elastic collisions you just analyzed, in what type of systems (one-car system, two-cars system, both one-car and two-cars systems, or none of these systems) is KE conserved? That is, KE' - KE = 0.

  one-car system
  two-cars system
  both one-car and two-cars systems
  none of these systems


Lesson 6. Momentum in a Collision: Making Connections

Neil Schmidgall
Physics
1-2 (45 minute) class period
General Physics
v3

Lesson 6 Overview

In this lesson students will use a NetLogo model to analyze the effects of car mass, car speed, %elasticity, and time of collision on the impulse and acceleration experienced by the cars in a 1-Dimensional collision.

Students will also alter those variables to determine the maximum impulse and g's of acceleration that can be experienced in a collision given the limits on the variable values provided here.

Finally students will determine the effect of time of collision on the g's of acceleration experienced by an individual car.

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-1 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

 

The NGSS standard: HS-PS2-2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Lesson 6 Activities

  • 6.1. Getting familiar with the model
  • 6.2. Investigation

6.0. Student Directions and Resources


You will use a NetLogo model to analyze the effects of car mass, car speed, %elasticity, and time of collision on the impulse and acceleration experienced by the cars in a 1-Dimensional collision.

You will also alter those variables to determine the maximum impulse and g's of acceleration that can be experienced in a collision given the limits on the variable values provided here.

Finally you will determine the effect of time of collision on the g's of acceleration experienced by an individual car.

6.1. Getting familiar with the model


 A NetLogo collision involving 2 sets of cars (Car0 collides with Car2 and Car1 collides with Car3) is set up in order to compare the effects of mass, speed, %elasticity, and time of collision on the impulse and acceleration of the cars. The only difference in the 2 collisions relating to the individual cars is the mass and/or speed of Car0 compared to Car1. You can also set a difference between the top and bottom collisions regarding %elasticity using the  slider. Experiment with the sliders below in order to become familiar with the modeling environment. Click on setup and go to run the model.

Cars in 

Collision

 Slider for Car0

Slider to increment

Car0's value for Car1


6.2. Investigation


The slider control as well as the before and after situation of a perfectly inelastic collision involving equally massed cars is shown below comparing different initial speeds of Car0 versus Car1. This setting puts Car0's velocity at 30 and Car1's velocity at 40.


Question 6.2.1

Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. Keep the COE slider at 0%. Set the speed and time sliders of the collision as below:

     

Set the following masses and velocities for testing.



Question 6.2.2

How did an increase in speed affect the impulse on the cars during the collision?



Question 6.2.3

How did an increase in speed affect the g’s of acceleration the cars experienced during the collision?



Question 6.2.4

Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. Set the  %elasticity and time sliders of the collision as below:

Set the following masses and velocities for testing.



Question 6.2.5

How did an increase in %elasticity affect the impulse on the cars during the collision?



Question 6.2.6

How did an increase in %elasticity affect the g’s of acceleration the cars experienced during the collision?



Question 6.2.7

Perform this collision with the masses and initial velocities as shown in the table below. Fill in the remaining cells in order to quantify this situation where each car is its own system. Keep the COE slider at 0%. Set the mass and time sliders of the collision as below:

 .    

Set the following masses and velocities for testing.



Question 6.2.8

How did an increase in mass affect the impulse on the cars during the collision?



Question 6.2.9

How did an increase in mass affect the g’s of acceleration the cars experienced during the collision?



Question 6.2.10

Using what you found out from the collisions above create scenarios that maximize the impulse on at least one car. Alter mass, mass increment, speed, speed increment, %elasticity, %elasticity increment, and time of collision in order to do so:

Maximum Impulse on at least one car should be at least 1080 N*s.



Question 6.2.11

Using what you found out from the collisions above create scenarios that maximize the g’s of acceleration experienced by at least one car. Alter mass, mass increment, speed, speed increment, %elasticity, %elasticity increment, and time of collision in order to do so:

Maximum g’s of Acc of at least one car should be at least 137.76 g's. That is a lot of g's!



Question 6.2.12

Using your setup from Question 2.11, alter only the time to its maximum value. How much did increasing the time of impact affect the g's of acceleration? What does this say about the importance of an airbag in modern cars?